tugas 10 ke2

1.   Definisi Conditional

Conditional (Kalimat Pengandaian) menjelaskan bahwa sebuah kegiatan bertentangan dengan kegiatan yang lain. Conditional yang paling umum adalah Real Conditonal dan Unreal Conditonal, kadang-kadang disebut juga if-clauses. Real Conditional (sering juga disebut juga dengan Conditional Tipe I) yang menggambarkan tentang mengandai-andai sesuai dengan fakta.Unreal Conditional (sering juga disebut sebagai Conditional Tipe II) yang menggambarkan tentang pengandaian yang tidak nyata atau berimajinasi.
Ada juga Conditional yang ke-3 yang sering disebut dengan Conditional Tipe III, digunakan sebagai penyesalan yang terjadi di masa lampau dan zero conditional, digunakan untuk mengekspresikan sesuatu yang sudah pasti benar.

Catatan: Jika klausa “if” diletakkan di awal kalimat, kita harus menggunakan koma. Sebaliknya jika klausa “if” berada di belakang, maka tidak perlu ada koma
Zero Conditional
Digunakan untuk mengekspresikan kebenaran umum. Tense yang digunakan biasanya Present Simple Tense
Rumus
(Klausa IF) (Induk Kalimat)
If you heat water to 100 C, it boils.
Atau
(Induk Kalimat) (Klausa IF)
Water boils if you heat it to 100 C,
Contoh:
• If you drop an apple, it falls. = An apple falls, if you drop it.
• If you don’t do your homework, I will be disappointed. = I will be disappointed, if you don’t do your homework.
Catatan: Pada tipe ini, if sering digantikan dengan “when”

Future Real Conditional vs. Future Unreal Conditional

Untuk membantu Anda memahami perbedaan antara Future Real Conditional dan Future Unreal Conditional, bandingkan kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini

Contoh:

• If you help me move tomorrow, I will buy you dinner. Future Real Conditional (I don’t know if you can help me)
• If you helped me move tomorrow, I would buy you dinner. Future Unreal Conditional(You can’t help me, or you don’t want to help me)

2.   Tipe Conditional Sentence

Ada tiga conditional sentence yaitu :

Tipe1 : Future conditional yang menyatakan suatu keinginan, harapan, ataupun rencana yang masih BISA TERJADI / when we are thinking about possibilities.

Rumus

IF + S + V1, S + will +V1

Example :

If I pass the exam I will continue to university

Faktanya :

Maybe I pass the exam, if I study hard.

Saya mungkin sekali lulus ujian kalau saya belajar keras.

Tipe2 : Present conditional, yang menyatakan suatu keinginan, harapan ataupun rencana yang tak terpenuhi / angan-angan ( unreal) or when we imagine a situation.

Rumus

IF + S + V2, S + would + V1

Example :

If I passed the exam, I would continue to university

Faktanya:

I do not pass the exam now.

Saya tidak lulus ujian sekarang jadi saya tidak melanjutkan ke universitas.

Note:

In type II “were “ is used for all subjects

Example :

If I were you, I would continue to university ( but I am not you).

Type II berlawanan dengan fakta sekarang.

Tipe3 : Past conditional yang menyatakan suatu keinginan, harapan atau rencana yang tidak terwujud ( imposible) or when we imagine a situation based on the facts in the past.

Rumus

IF + S + had + V3, S + would have + V3

Example:

If I had passed the exam, I would have continued to university

Fakta:

I did not pass the exam then.

(saya tidak lulus saat itu, jadi saya tidak melanjutkan ke universitas)

Note:

Untuk tipe III sering berbentuk inversion (pembalikan posisi).

Subjek 2 kata kerjanya serta tidak menggunakan IF.

Contoh:

Had I passed the exam, I would have continued to university.

3.   Contoh Conditional Sentences

  If you had studied for the test, you would have passed it.

  If you had asked me, I would have helped you.

  If we had gone to the cinema, we would have seen my friend Jacob.

  If you had spoken English, she would have understood.

  If they had listened to me, we would have been home earlier.

  I would have written you a postcard if I had had your address.

  If I had not broken my leg, I would have taken part in the contest.

  If it had not started to rain, we would have walked to the museum.

  We would have swum in the sea if there had not been so many sharks there.

  If she had taken the bus, she would not have arrived on time.

http://ibnuhasanhasibuan.wordpress.com/2012/03/16/conditional-sentence/

http://dolphidoldol.blogspot.com/2009/11/artikel-conditional-sentences.html