Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 3

Exercise 32: Enough
1. People enough
2. French enough
3. Enough time
4. Fast enough
5. Soon enough
6. Enough early
7. Hard enough
8. Slowly enough
9. Enough flour
10. Books enough

Exercise 33: Bacause/because of
1. Because of
2. Because of
3. Because of
4. Because
5. Because
6. Because
7. Because of
8. Because of
9. Because of
10. Because of

Exercise 34: So/such
1. So
2. Such
3. Such
4. So
5. So
6. So
7. Such
8. So
9. So
10. Such
11. So
12. So
13. Such
14. So
15. So

Exercise 35: Passive Voice
1. The President is called by somebody every day.
2. The other members are being called by John.
3. Mr. Watson will be called by somebody tonight.
4. Considerable damage has been caused by the fire.
5. The supplies should be bought be the teacher for this class.

Exercise 36: Causative Verbs
1. Leave
2. Repaired
3. Typed
4. Call
5. Painted
6. Write
7. Lie
8. Send
9. Cut
10. Signed
11. Leave
12. Washed
13. To fix
14. Published
15. To find

Passive, Active, and Causative verbs

We often use the passive to describe a process or emphasize the action rather than who is doing the action. Some of the TOEIC Grammar questions will test your knowledge on the structure and use of the passive form. We’ll first take a look at the structure. 

Structure 

The passive always contains: To be + past participle 

The verb ‘To be’ can be conjugated in any tense: 

• Present simple: am, is, are. Present continuous: am/is/are being 
• Past simple: was, were. Past continuous: was/were being 
• Present perfect: has/have been. Past perfect: had been 
• Future: will be. With modals: can/could/must/would/should… be 
• Modals in the past: could/should/would/must have been. The past participle for ‘regular verbs’ is ‘-ed’: ask -> asked. For irregular verbs, you need to check an irregular verb list; past participles are in the third column:write – wrote – written 
• The fees were included in the contract. 
• The prices will be written on the quotation. 
• The operators have been asked to speed up production. In the above examples, we don’t know who included the fees, who will write the quotation, nor who have asked the operators. This information is not considered necessary or important. However, it can be included if necessary by adding the ‘by’ after the past participle:
• One of the most famous social network companies was founded by a college drop-out. 

Usage 

The passive is used more commonly in writing especially in reports, textbooks, in industry, science and technology to describe processes, and for official rules. We use the passive in these cases because we don’t always know who the ‘agent’ is. 

Compare the active and the passive in the following examples: 

ACTIVE  

• People have used this application for a long time. 
• You freeze-dry the reagent in the vials. 
• Someone has to count the points at the end. 

PASSIVE

• This application has been used for a long time.
• Reagents are freeze-dried in the vials.
• The points have to be counted at the end.

Causative Verbs 

Causative verbs are used to show that a person causes, makes or enables another person to do something or make something happen. The structure of these types of sentences can be confusing as the verb after the causative verb may be in either the infinitive without ‘to’, the ‘to-infinitive’ or the past participle depending on the causative verb used. 

Causative Verb + infinitive without ‘to’	The director	made will have could have let	John install the new computers.
Causative Verb + ‘to-infinitive’	The director	got wants will allow could permit	John to install the new computers.
Causative Verb + Past Participle	The director	had got	the new computers installed (by John).

>‘Have’ someone do something indicates that a person used his/her authority to obtain the result. 

· The production manager had the technicians modify the electrical outlets. 

> ‘Get’ someone to do something indicates that the person persuaded someone else to do something. 

· The Human Resources Manager got the employees to sign a worksite safety agreement. 

> When we use the past participle, we don’t say who carried out the action. 

· We’ve had the new protocol checked and certified. 

· They got the machine operator to look for the cause of the defects. 

> ‘Let’ someone do something means to give someone permission and is similar to ‘allow’. 

· Their employer lets them leave early on Fridays in the summer. 

> ‘Make’ someone do something is more like ‘force’ someone to do something. 

· She made me write a letter of apology even though I had done nothing wrong. 

Sumber: https://global-exam.com/en/toeic-grammar-passive-versus-active-causative-verbs

15 Easy Ways to Be Healthier

More and more research is showing that the key to lifelong good health is what experts call “lifestyle medicine” — making simple changes in diet, exercise and stress management. To help you turn that knowledge into results, we’ve put together this manageable list of health and wellness action steps. 

We asked three experts — a naturopathic physician, a nutritionist, and a personal trainer — to tell us the top five simple-but-significant lifestyle-medicine changes they recommend. 

Besides giving you three different takes on how to pick your health battles, this list gives you choices you can make without being whisked off to a reality-show fat farm — or buying a second freezer for those calorie-controlled, pre-portioned frozen meals. 

James Rouse, N.D.

Naturopathic physician, triathlete, chef, author and host of TV’s “Optimum Wellness,” health-tip segments featured on NBC affiliates in several major cities. 

1. Think positive and focus on gratitude 

Research shows a healthy positive attitude helps build a healthier immune system and boosts overall health. Your body believes what you think, so focus on the positive. 

2. Eat your vegetables 

Shoot for five servings of vegetables a day — raw, steamed, or stir-fried. A diet high in vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of developing cancers of the lung, colon, breast, cervix, esophagus, stomach, bladder, pancreas and ovary. And many of the most powerful phytonutrients are the ones with the boldest colors — such as broccoli, cabbage, carrots, tomatoes, grapes and leafy greens. 

3. Set a “5-meal ideal” 

What, when and how much you eat can keep both your metabolism and your energy levels steadily elevated, so you’ll have more all-day energy. A "5 meal ideal" will help you manage your weight, keep your cool, maintain your focus and avoid cravings. 

4. Exercise daily 

Did you know that daily exercise can reduce all of the biomarkers of aging? This includes improving eyesight, normalizing blood pressure, improving lean muscle, lowering cholesterol and improving bone density. If you want to live well and live longer, you must exercise! Studies show that even 10 minutes of exercise makes a difference — so do something! Crank the stereo and dance in your living room. Sign up for swing dancing or ballroom-dancing lessons. Walk to the park with your kids or a neighbor you’d like to catch up with. Jump rope or play hopscotch. Spin a hula hoop. Play water volleyball. Bike to work. Jump on a trampoline. Go for a hike. 

5. Get at good night's sleep 

If you have trouble sleeping, try relaxation techniques such as meditation andyoga. Or eat a small bedtime snack of foods shown to help shift the body and mind into sleep mode: whole grain cereal with milk, oatmeal, cherries or chamomile tea. Darken your room more and turn your clock away from you. Write down worries or stressful thoughts to get them out of your head and onto the page. This will help you put them into perspective so you can quit worrying about them.

Christina Reiter, M.S., R.D. 

Resident consulting dietitian at the University of Colorado–Boulder Wardenburg Health Center for Nutrition Education and Therapies and former director of the nutrition program at Metropolitan State College of Denver.

1. Check your food ’tude 

What we eat and how we feel are linked in very complex ways. A healthy approach to eating is centered on savoring flavor, eating to satisfaction and increasing energy, rather than focusing on weight. Check your balance of low-calorie foods, nutrient-dense foods (providing many nutrients per calorie), and foods that are calorie dense but nutrient poor. Most Americans need to eat more fresh whole foods (in contrast to processed, highly refined foods). Try to add more whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, and legumes into your meals. Pair these carbohydrate-rich foods with a healthy fat or lean protein to extend satisfaction. 

2. Eat like a kid 

If adding more fruits and vegetables sounds ominous, look to “finger food” versions that preschool kids love — carrot and celery sticks, cherry tomatoes, broccoli florets, grapes, berries and dried fruits. All are nutritional powerhouses packed with antioxidants. 

3. Be a picky eater 

Limit saturated fats and trans fats, and aim to eat more foods rich in anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids to cut your risk of cardiovascular disease and maybe even improve depressed moods. The equivalent of just 1 gram of EPA/DHA (eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid) daily is recommended. Eating cold-water oily fish (wild salmon, herring, sardines, trout) two to three times per week will provide both EPA and DHA. Adding up to 2 tablespoons of ground flaxseed and eating meat, milk and cheese from grass-fed animals will provide you with a healthy dose of omega-3s. 

4. Use foods over supplements 

Supplements are not a substitute for a good diet. Although many health experts recommend taking a multivitamin and mineral supplement that provides 100 to 200 percent of your recommended daily value, each and every supplement should be carefully evaluated for purity and safety. Specific supplements have been associated with toxicity, reactions with medications, competition with other nutrients, and even increased risk of diseases such as cancer, heart disease and diabetes. 

5. Get satisfaction 

Both eating and physical activity are fun, sensory experiences! In both, aim for pleasure — not pain. Pay attention to the nutritional value of the foods you choose to eat, as well as your sense of satisfaction, relaxation, tension, exhilaration and fatigue when you sit down to eat. Check in with yourself as you eat, rekindling your recognition of hunger, fullness and satisfaction when considering when and how much to eat.

Rick Olderman, M.S., P.T. 

A physical therapist and owner of Z-Line Training in Denver, Colo., offering rehabilitation, personal training, Pilates instruction, motivational injury-prevention seminars, employee fitness program development and custom foot orthotics casting. 

1. Give yourself a break 

“I spend countless hours doing cardio and never seem to lose that last 10 pounds!” is a common complaint I hear from clients. Give yourself permission to shorten your workout. Believe it or not, overtraining could be the problem. Your body can plateau if not given adequate rest to restore itself, ultimately leading to a decline in performance. Fatigue, moodiness, lack of enthusiasm, depression and increased cortisol (the “stress” hormone) are some hallmarks of overtraining syndrome. Creating a periodization program — breaking up your routine into various training modes — can help prevent overtraining by building rest phases into your regimen. For example, you might weight train on Monday and Wednesday, cycle on Tuesday and Thursday, run on Friday and rest on Saturday and Sunday. You can also help balance your program by simply incorporating more variety. 

2. Think small 

Often the biggest deterrent to improving health is feeling overwhelmed by all the available advice and research. Try to focus first on one small, seemingly inconsequential, unhealthy habit and turn it into a healthy, positive habit. If you’re in the habit of eating as soon as you get home at night, instead keep walking shoes in the garage or entryway and take a quick spin around the block before going inside. If you have a can of soda at lunchtime every day, have a glass of water two days a week instead. Starting with small, painless changes helps establish the mentality that healthy change is not necessarily painful change. It’s easy to build from here by adding more healthy substitutions. 

3. Keep good company 

You can do all the right things — but if you have personal relationships with people who have unhealthy habits, it is often an uphill battle. The healthiest people are those who have relationships with other healthy people. Get your family or friends involved with you when you walk or plan healthier meals. Making healthy changes with a loved one can bring you closer together as well as motivate you. 

4. Make a list … and check it twice 

Take a few minutes and write down all the reasons you can’t begin an exercise program. Then look at the basis of each reason. For instance, if you wrote, “No time” as one of your reasons, then perhaps that’s based on a belief that an exercise program takes a lot of time. Starting with even five minutes a day will have a positive effect because you will have created a healthy habit where one didn’t exist before, and that’s a powerful mental adjustment. A closer look at your list will expose those false beliefs hiding behind each excuse. 

5. Sign up for an event 

Let’s face it, exercising just for the sake of exercising or losing weight can get boring. Spice things up by signing up for an event like a run/walk race or a cycling ride where you can be part of a team. Doing so gives your workouts a new purpose, and it’s fun to be around others who are exercising just like you — not to mention that most events benefit nonprofit organizations, which doubles your feel-good high.

sumber: http://life.gaiam.com/article/15-easy-ways-be-healthier